BIG 2015 UPDATE: I was part of an underwater video crew that helped document whale shark tourism practices in Oslob and Donsol. You can watch the trailer below. It is titled ‘On the Brink’ and will be shown next year (2016).
MAJOR DEVELOPMENT: DENR has ordered that whale shark feeding be stopped in Oslob.
DENR-Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau Director Theresa Mundita S. Lim gave the directive in a letter to the DENR regional executive director.
It was made in response to an email of whale shark researcher Elson Q. Aca addressed to DENR Secretary Ramon Paje “regarding the practice of feeding whale sharks by tourists and scuba divers in Oslob, Cebu.â€
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EDIT: There is a similar practice with swimming with whale sharks in the island of Leyte and it seems to be more sustainable.
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I promised myself that I would write about the controversy behind the whale sharks of Oslob on the condition that I see the phenomenon myself. Being there, seeing it — it contributes to being informed. Frankly I’m tired of “armchair activists” who pile on issues like this — making sweeping generalizations about what’s best for these fish yet are so far away removed from the situation while they drink their lattes and sport clothes that apparently have buttons made out of poached Philippine shells. All oblivious.
That being said, I’d like to give a huge shout out in support of the advocates, scientists and ecologists who are bringing this matter to the public eye. AA Yaptinchay, AG Sano, Lory Tan, Anna Oposa .. and many more. Rocked founder Gang Badoy once said that nation building is all about conversation and this is such a matter that needs a lot of it.
I don’t classify myself as a conservationist per se, but I have always loved nature since I was a child and my fascination for marine life fuels this hobby of underwater photography and SCUBA. I am in the Philippines after all, one of the capitals for this sport.
There is a lot of controversy behind the whale shark feeding practices for tourism in the little town of Oslob in Cebu. It promotes bizarre (yet fascinating) behavior of these giants, but at the same time pushes fishermen to be more concerned about the welfare of these creatures (whereas before they were considered pests and were driven away violently). In this post I will enumerate the arguments FOR and AGAINST this form of tourism and end with my personal thoughts on the matter. I will also cite the sources for some of these arguments in hopes that a conversation can bring about real change with hopefully, a win-win situation.
Before proceeding, you may want to read through three articles: (1) this is a piece written for Dive Photo Guide by my friend Steve de Neef who is a professional UW videographer and photographer. He exposes some of the origins of the whale shark feeding and grassroots discussions with some of the fishermen. The second piece is an (2) appeal from many concerned citizens on the whale shark feeding practice to the DOA and the DENR. I also highly suggest you “Like” the Marine Wildlife Watch Facebook page and the Oslob Whale Shark Watching page. Lastly, this article on Inquirer talks about the laws involved and the “viral” photo that went around during a similar controversy.
My whale shark background
For the record, I have seen 7 whale sharks in my entire life: 2 while snorkeling in Donsol, 4 in Oslob and one in the actual blue wilderness of Moalboal in Cebu. I will say to you now that nothing beats a whale shark encounter in the “wild” and by that I mean not being fed by fishermen of Oslob nor being chased by the propeller boats of Donsol. That one encounter (with video) at 80 ft deep while absorbing the sardine run and it was by far the most amazing experience of my life on this planet. To document that moment is rare.
An open mind
I dove into the waters of Oslob with an open mind, following all the rules set by the program. I brought along a wide angle dome port with a 10-17mm fisheye Tokina lens which was perfect for shooting the world’s largest fish (The biggest one we saw was about the size of a commuter bus in length). The rules say that photographers are NOT to use flash, so I relied on natural lighting to photograph the whale sharks. In addition to this the rules say no touching, don’t get too close, and don’t get in their way — and I complied with all three. I must say the third is the hardest to accomplish as the juvenile whale shark of the bunch has been reported to play with the divers. It tried to sneak up behind me to playfully poke my tank, a practice that has been documented by the fishermen and is apparently common to younger whale sharks.
For SCUBA divers, the maximum dive time is limited to 60 minutes or when your air runs out (whichever comes first). If you’re a diver, you’ll know that at a depth between 0-30 ft, 3000 psi of air will last you more than 90 minutes if you’re experienced. I spent a little more than 20 minutes underwater before surfacing with a lot of air left. That was all the time I needed as my average depth was really between 0-10 ft and the rocking waves were making me dizzy.
Why the feeding is bad for conservation
- It is not natural for whale sharks to be fed. The “spoiling” of these whale sharks tend to change their natural behavior and now chase after boats expecting to be fed. This can be fatal for the fish if the boats are propeller powered as the blades injure the shark.
- Close contact with whale sharks (i.e. touching) may seem harmless and innocent but these marine creatures have a protective coating that shields them from bacteria and disease. Touching them irritates this coating and can bring about infection.
- I personally witnessed one fisherman push the whale shark away from the boat with his foot planted on the fish’s mouth. Not that the fish didn’t mind, but it looked like this was one of the reasons why the mouths of these sharks are getting damaged. It’s not just because of the boats.
Why the feeding can be good
- Before this form of tourism was organized, the fishermen would harm the whale sharks because they would compete for catch. Throwing rocks into the open mouths and stabbing them were common practices. At least now, they have stopped harming the sharks in that way.
- The boat propeller accident is believed to be an isolated case and the community has acted upon it by cordoning off the area not allowing propeller boats inside. Although of course, this does not stop the behavior of the whale sharks from approaching other vessels outside the feeding zone. Perhaps the day for “no more propeller boats” is nigh?
- I have heard on-site reports from dive operators that the fishermen have organized into a co-op and are now making around PHP 20,000 to PHP 30,000 a month (each). That’s golden if you live in the province. As of this writing, the fees for whale shark watching are PHP 500 for SCUBA divers and PHP 400 for snorkelers. It’s higher if you’re a foreigner. There seems to be a push to increase the fees to make the experience “less accessible” to lessen the volume of snorkelers. As to whether this practice is good for conservation or merely a way to milk the “industry”, I’m unsure.
- There is NO guarantee that these whale sharks will be protected outside Oslob anyway (since they are migratory by nature). Whatever the risks of feeding, at least they are alive when in the confines of this area.
- Very little is known about whale sharks — from reproduction patterns to other habits. In fact it was only recently that the smallest whale shark was found in the Philippines. This phenomenon allows scientists to experience the fish up close. The actual “feeding” may actually be part of whale shark behavior after all as these are friendly and playful creatures.
- The krill which is fed to the whale sharks doesn’t change the habits completely. Remember that whale sharks eat about 400kg of food every other day and if you compare that to what the fishermen give, that’s barely a snack. The feeding habits are not widely altered.
- Should word travel fast (and it does), seaside communities will progress to having a symbiotic relationship with these fish and not hunt them down for their meat.
My personal thoughts and conclusion
One thing is certain — if it is one thing we lack, it is the discipline to keep this sustainable. The sardine run in Moalboal has been fished out (and so have the thresher sharks) due to greed and ignorance (sadly, we can’t blame them!) and although the whale sharks aren’t being harmed like before, the fishermen need to seriously be trained further. To them, they’ve struck gold overnight and you can’t blame them for their excitement as anyone would strike on a chance to remove themselves from poverty. You would, right? More than laws, there really needs to be a grassroots effort to help this practice become sustainable in the long run. Education. Education. Education.
As for the feeding.. well. How I wish whale sharks could talk. At least we’d know if they like what we’re feeding them.
If you’re reading this and you’re a stakeholder, government official or an NGO that is somewhat involved, do let me know of updates and I will gladly post them here.
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Other blogs that have written about this experience:
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